What is a Constructor?
When we make an object of a class in Java, a special method called a constructor runs automatically. The main job of this is to set the initial values for the variables inside the object.
Important Points
- The name of the constructor should be the same as the name of the class.
- It doesn't have a return type, not even void.
- Using constructor overloading, a class can have more than one constructor.
- The constructor is called automatically every time you make an object.
Syntax
class Classname{
Classname(){
// constructor body
}
}
Example
public class Shop {
public Shop() {
System.out.println("Constructor");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Main Method");
Shop product = new Shop();
}
}
Types of Java Constructors
- Default Constructor
- No-Argument Constructor
- Parameterized Constructor
1. Default Constructor
Java will automatically give us a constructor if we don't make one ourselves. This is known as the default constructor. It doesn't need any parameters and sets the variables to their default values.
- No arguments are needed.
- Variables get default values like this:
- int = 0
- String is null and boolean is false.
Example
public class Shops {
String name;
int price;
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shops obj = new Shops();
System.out.println(obj.name);
System.out.println(obj.price);
}
}
Output
2. No-Argument Constructor
A constructor with no parameters is called a no-argument constructor. We mostly use it when we want to give an object some set or pre-defined values when we make it.
Example
public class Shops {
public Shops() {
System.out.println("No-argument constructor");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shops product = new Shops();
}
}
Output
3. Parameterized Constructor
When we want to pass values while making an object, we use a parameterized constructor. Then, these values are used to set up the object's variables.
Example
public class Shops {
String name;
int price;
public Shops(String str, int i) {
name = str;
price = i;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shops product1 = new Shops("Bag", 100);
Shops product2 = new Shops("Note", 40);
product1.display();
product2.display();
}
public void display() {
System.out.println(name + " " + price);
}
}
Output
United States
NORTH AMERICA
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